MongoDB is an opensource, cross-platform NoSQL database server. It uses JSON document to store data and fields can be vary from compare to other. In this tutorial, we will explain how to install latest version of MongoDB Community Edition on Ubuntu 20.04.
MongoDB is popular for handling large amounts of data due to its performance, scalability and high availability. It doesn’t require a predefined schema or data structure, it might be different. It is different from the traditional table-based SQL databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL. For more details check official installation page of MongoDB’s documentation.
Install MongoDB on Ubuntu
MongoDB is not available in the default Ubuntu repositories. We need to enable manually the official MongoDB repository and then install the packages.
Perform the following steps as root or user with sudo privileges.
Step 1 – Install Dependencies
First of all, install additional packages which are require, run following command:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install dirmngr gnupg apt-transport-https ca-certificates software-properties-common
Step 2 – Import GPG Key
After that, you need to add the MongoDB GPG key to your system using wget:
wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.4.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu focal/mongodb-org/4.4 multiverse'
Currently, at the time of writing this article, the latest version of MongoDB is 4.4. It may different while you are installing.
Step 3 – Install Meta Package
Now, update the packages list and install mongodb-org
meta-package:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mongodb-org
Below packages will be installed on the system as a part of the mongodb-org
package:
- mongodb-org-server – The mongod daemon and corresponding init scripts and configurations.
- mongodb-org-mongos – The mongos daemon.
- mongodb-org-shell – The mongo shell is an interactive JavaScript interface to MongoDB. It is used to perform administrative tasks through the command line.
- mongodb-org-tools – Contains several MongoDB tools for importing and exporting data, statistics, as well as other utilities.
Step 4 – Start MongoDB Service
Now, you should start the MongoDB service and enable it for start on boot:
sudo systemctl enable mongod --now
Step 5 – Verify Installation
At last, it’s time to verify that installation is completed successfully. Login to mongo
tool and print connection status:
mongo
mongo --eval 'db.runCommand({ connectionStatus: 1 })'
It should look like this:
MongoDB shell version v4.4.0
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("2af3ab0e-2197-4152-8bd0-e33efffe1464") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.0
{
"authInfo" : {
"authenticatedUsers" : [ ],
"authenticatedUserRoles" : [ ]
},
"ok" : 1
}
If in ok
field value is 1
then it indicates success.
Configure MongoDB
Generally, default configuration settings are enough for most users. But it’s advised to change few settings for production environment, specially security section. The MongoDB configuration file mongod.conf
is located in the /etc
directory. Edit the mongod.conf
file and uncomment the security section and enable authorization:
security: authorization: enabled
It will enables Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) that regulates users access to database resources and operations. If this option is disabled, each user can access all databases and perform any action.
After making changes you need to restart the mongod service for changes to take effect:
sudo systemctl restart mongod
You can get more information about the configuration options, visit the Configuration File Options documentation page.
Creating Administrative MongoDB User
You will need create an administrative user account to access and manage the MongoDB instance if you enabled the MongoDB authentication. You can access just typing:
mongo
From inside the MongoDB shell, type the following command to connect to the admin
database:
use admin
switched to db admin
Issue the following command to create a new user named admin_user
with the userAdminAnyDatabase
role:
db.createUser( { user: "admin_user", pwd: "your_password", roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ] } ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "admin_user", "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }
You can exit from mongo shell by typing:
quit()
Now, access the mongo shell using the administrative user which you have created previously and check the changes:
mongo -u admin_user -p --authenticationDatabase admin
It will prompt to enter password. On success connection select the admin database:
use admin
switched to db admin
You can print list of users by typing:
show users
{ "_id" : "admin.admin_user", "userId" : UUID("dfd92e5s-ds69-3er4-a5c6-654sd0c32e8c"), "user" : "admin_user", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ], "mechanisms" : [ "SCRAM-SHA-1", "SCRAM-SHA-256" ] }
Conclusion
In this guide, you learned how to install MongoDB 4.4 on Ubuntu 20.04. You can get more details about by visit MongoDB Manual.
Feel free to leave comment, if you have any question or suggestion.