The head command is used to print the few first lines (by default 10 lines) of file or standard output. This tutorial shows you how to use the Linux head command with practical examples. Head Command Syntax# Below is the basic syntax for the head command: head [OPTION]… [FILE]… Here, OPTION – You can pass
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How to Rename Files and Directories in Linux
It’s a basic requirement to rename the files and directories on a Linux system. There are two ways to rename files using command-line terminal or via GUI file manager. In this tutorial, we will cover how to rename files and directories using mv and rename commands. Rename Files using mv Command# The mv command is
Linux Time Command
Time command is useful when you want to determine the command execution time. Generally, it’s useful to test the performance of the commands and scripts. In this guide, we will cover how to use the time command in Linux. When you are writing multiple script which doing same job and want to choose better one
How to Redirect stderr to stdout in Bash
Sometimes when you are redirecting the output of a command by piping to another command or to a file, you get the error messages. There are three standard I/O streams, which are used in Bash and other Linux shells when a program is executed. Below are the streams and each representing by the numberic file
Bash printf Command
The printf command have more control over the formatting of the output. It formats and prints arguments similar to the C printf() function. In this article we will see how to use printf command bash. printf Command# Bash and other shells like Zsh and Ksh have printf by default. The standalone binary /usr/bin/printf is also
Chattr Command in Linux (File Attributes)
In Linux, file attributes are meta-data properties that describe the file’s behavior. For example, an attribute can indicate whether a file is compressed or specify if the file can be deleted. Some attributes like immutability can be set or cleared, while others like encryption are read-only and can only be viewed. The support for certain
How to Install PHP 8 on Ubuntu 20.04
PHP is one of the most widely used server-side programming languages. Many popular CMS and frameworks such as WordPress, Magento, and Laravel are written in PHP. PHP 8.0 is the latest major release of the PHP language. It introduces several breaking changes, performance improvements, and lots of new features such as named arguments, JIT compiler,
Basename Command in Linux
basename is a command-line utility that strips directory and trailing suffix from given file names. Using the basename Command # The basename command supports two syntax formats: basename NAME [SUFFIX] basename OPTION… NAME… basename takes a filename and prints the last component of the filename. Optionally, it can also remove any trailing suffix. It is
How to Convert Integer into String in Python
Python has several built-in data types. Sometimes, when writing Python code, you might need to convert one data type to another. For example, concatenate a string and integer, first, you’ll need to convert the integer into a string. This article explains how to convert a Python integer to a string. Python str() Function # In
Bash Select (Make Menus)
Using the select construct you can generate menus. In this guide, we will discuss about the basics of the select construct in Bash. Bash select Construct# You can generate a menu from the list of items using the select construct. Following is the syntax for the select construct and it is similar to the for