The /etc/passwd is a text-based based database that stores the user account information. /etc/passwd file can be modified by root or users with sudo privileges and can be read by all the system users. It is owned by root and has 644 permissions and commonly used for user authentication. It’s recommended to use the usermod
Umask Command in Linux
Using umask utility, you can view or set the file mode creation mask that determines permissions for newly created files or directories.It is used by mkdir, touch, tee and other commands that create new files and directories. Linux Permissions# In Linux, every file have it’s owner and a group and given a set of permission
Pstree Command in Linux
In this article we will discuss about pstree command. On Linux machine, sometimes you need to check which services processes are currently running. You can find out information about the running processes by multiple ways using different commands. The pstree command is similar to ps, but instead of listing the running processes, it shows them
Bash Source Command
The source is a shell built-in command which is used to read and execute the content of a file, passed as an argument in the current shell script. It is useful to load functions, variables, and configuration files into shell scripts. Source Command Syntax# The following is the basic syntax for the Source Command: source
How to Run Sudo Command Without Password
The sudo (sudouser do) command is a tool in Linux systems, used to run commands or programs as another user, by default as root user. If you doing administration task then you need to use sudo frequently. This article show you how to run sudo command without entering password. To grant the sudo access to
How to Add User to Group in Linux Systems
In Linux, we can set different users to different roles and responsibilities. Also we can set restriction for specific users and groups. In this tutorial we will show you how to add a user to a group in Linux systems. We will also explain you how to remove a user from a group and how
Bash: Append to File
This tutorial explains how to append text to a file in Bash. There are different ways to append text to a file. Prerequisite# Your user must have write permission to a file in which you want to append text. Otherwise, you will receive a permission denied error. Append Text using Redirection Operator (>>)# Using Redirection
Tar Command in Linux (Create and Extract Archives)
The Tar word derived from its name “Tape ARchive”, it was designed to store files on magnetic tape. The tar command is used to make tar archives by encapsulating the files or directories. It can be use to extract tar files, add new files and to list the files included in the archive. In this
How to Extract (Unzip) Tar Bz2 File
This tutorial explains how to extract (or unzip) tar.bz2 and tbz2 archives using the tar command. The tar command is used to make and extract tar archives. Compression programs such as gzip, bzip2, lzip, lzma, lzop, xz and compress are supporting by it. Extract tar.bz2 File# By default the tar utility comes pre-installed in most
How to make a POST request with cURL
cURL is a command-line utility for transferring data from or to a remote server using one of the supported protocols. It is installed by default on macOS and most Linux distributions. cURL is used by developers for testing APIs , viewing response headers, and making HTTP requests. In this article, we’re going to explain how